Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the a) preparation and application of Ti-OH-ePV; b) VEGF release of Ti-OH-ePV under different pH conditions; c) anastomotic healing performance with Ti and Ti-OH-ePV; d) healing-promotion mechanism of Ti-OH-ePV.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques:

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure characterization of Ti-OH-ePV. a) SEM images of Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV (scale bars: 1 μm); b) Elemental mapping of Ti-OH-ePV; c) CV test of DA and VEGF solution under a nitrogen atmosphere; d) AFM height images of Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; e) Surface Sa (arithmetic mean height) via AFM of Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; f) Water contact angle of Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; g) FTIR spectra of Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; h) Tensile testing of the Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; i) Single anastomotic staple tensile strength testing of the Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV; j) VEGF release profiles of the Ti-OH-ePV, Ti-ePV, and Ti-OH-PV in buffer solutions at pH = 7.4; k) VEGF release profiles of the Ti-OH-ePV, Ti-ePV, and Ti-OH-PV in buffer solutions at pH = 6.5; n = 3; ns = not significant, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques:

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: The biocompatibility of Ti-OH-ePV. a) Schematic illustration of the co-culture model; b) Viability of L929 cells after 24 h co-culture with Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV samples; c) Live/dead fluorescence images of L929 cells in Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV groups (scale bar: 200 μm); d) Cytoskeletal staining images of L929 cells in Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV groups (scale bar: 100 μm); e) Hemolysis test results and f) quantitative hemolysis ratios of Triton X-100, PBS, Ti, Ti-OH, and Ti-OH-ePV groups; g) Immunohistochemical staining images of IL-4, IL-10, CD68, and IL-1β in rat subcutaneous tissues 7 days post-implantation (scale bar: 100 μm); h) Quantitative analysis of IL-4 and IL-10 expression; i) Quantitative analysis of CD68 and IL-1β expression; n = 3; ns = no significance, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Fluorescence, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro M2 polarization of macrophages induced by different samples. a) Representative immunofluorescence images of macrophages co-cultured with Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, and Ti-OH-ePV (scale bars: 50 μm); b) Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in LPS, Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, and Ti-OH-ePV groups; c) Expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) in LPS, Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, and Ti-OH-ePV groups; d) Flow cytometry analysis of macrophages induced by Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, and Ti-OH-ePV ; e) Statistical analysis of M1 (CD86 + /CD206 - ) and M2 (CD86 - /CD206 + ) macrophage percetenges by flow cytometry; n = 3; ns = not significant, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Cell Culture, Expressing, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA-seq Analysis of Ti-OH-ePV-Mediated M2 Polarization. a) Volcano plot of DEGs in Ti-OH-ePV-treated macrophages; b) Heatmap of selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes; c-e) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs: c, Biological Process; d, Cellular Component; e, Molecular Function; f) KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs; g) The qPCR analysis results of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-4; h) Flow cytometric analysis of Axitinib-mediated VEGFR blockade on Ti-OH-ePV induced M2 polarization; i) Statistical analysis of M1 (CD86 + /CD206 - ) and M2 (CD86 - /CD206 + ) macrophage percentages by flow cytometry; n = 3; ns = not significant, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of cell adhesion, proliferation, and pro-angiogenic potential of different samples. a) SEM images of Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePV-3d, and Ti-OH-ePV-7d (scale bar: 1 μm); b) Fluorescent images of L929 cells on Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePV-3d, and Ti-OH-ePV-7d after co-culturing 72 h (scale bar: 200 μm); c) Fluorescent images of Matrigel tube formation by HUVECs treated with Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, Ti-OH-ePV-3d, and Ti-OH-ePV-7d (scale bar: 200 μm); e) Scratch wound migration assay of HUVECs in the Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA, Ti-OH-ePV-3d, and Ti-OH-ePV-7d groups (scale bar: 100 μm).

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: Migration

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) The procedure of gastrointestinal anastomosis in New Zealand rabbit; b) Immumohistochemical staining images of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 at the anastomotic stoma on day 3 for Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA (PDA-only), and Ti-OH-ePV (VEGF-loaded PDA) groups (scale bar: 25 μm); c) Statistical analysis of IL-6 expression in different groups; d) Statistical analysis of TNF-α expression in different groups; e) Statistical analysis of TGF-β expression in different groups; f) Statistical analysis of IL-10 expression in different groups; n = 3; ns = not significant, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioactive-coated porous anastomotic staples enhance anastomotic healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Immumohistochemical staining images of CD31 on day 7 at the anastomotic stoma for Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA (PDA-only), and Ti-OH-ePV (VEGF-loaded PDA) groups (scale bar: 25 μm); b) Masson staining images on day 14 at the anastomotic stoma for Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA (PDA-only), and Ti-OH-ePV (VEGF-loaded PDA) groups (scale bar: 20 μm); c) H&E staining images on day 14 at the anastomotic stoma for Ti, Ti-OH, Ti-OH-ePDA (PDA-only), and Ti-OH-ePV (VEGF-loaded PDA) groups; d) Statistical analysis for the number of blood vessels in different groups; e) Statistical analysis of collagen expression in different groups; f) Statistical analysis of bursting pressure on days 7, and 14 in different groups; g) Statistical analysis of WBC on days pre-1, 3, 7, and 14 in different groups; h) Statistical analysis of APTT on days pre-1, 3, 7, and 14 in different groups; i) Statistical analysis of ALT on days pre-1, 3, 7, and 14 in different groups; n = 3; ns = not significant, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Hemocompatibility evaluation confirms excellent blood compatibility for Ti-OH and Ti-OH-ePV staples ( e).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: Biofilm

Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colony and biofilm calcofluor staining assays. Production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by the wild-type ( A. brasilense Sp7), the cysK-A mutant ( A. brasilense AR), and the complemented ( A . brasilense AR-pAB- cysK ) strains were visualized by staining with calcofluor, which binds to β-linked polysaccharides. ( A ) Colonies were grown for 5 days at 30 °C on solid LB medium (lacking NaCl) supplemented with Calcofluor (200 μg/mL). Images were captured under UV illumination to visualize fluorescence. Scale bar = 10 mm. ( B ) Confocal micrographs of biofilms grown for 5 days at 30 °C on agar-solidified Nfb∗ medium containing Calcofluor (85 μM). The biofilms were observed with a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E C2+ microscope. Scale bar = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: After five days of static incubation at 30 °C, three-dimensional biofilm structures were observed using an Eclipse Ti-E C2+ confocal laser scanning microscope (Nikon) equipped with CFI Plan Apo VC 20x/1.2 and CFI Plan Apo VC 60x/1.2 WI objective lenses.

Techniques: Staining, Mutagenesis, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Biofilm

Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colony and biofilm calcofluor staining assays. Production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by the wild-type ( A. brasilense Sp7), the cysK-A mutant ( A. brasilense AR), and the complemented ( A . brasilense AR-pAB- cysK ) strains were visualized by staining with calcofluor, which binds to β-linked polysaccharides. ( A ) Colonies were grown for 5 days at 30 °C on solid LB medium (lacking NaCl) supplemented with Calcofluor (200 μg/mL). Images were captured under UV illumination to visualize fluorescence. Scale bar = 10 mm. ( B ) Confocal micrographs of biofilms grown for 5 days at 30 °C on agar-solidified Nfb∗ medium containing Calcofluor (85 μM). The biofilms were observed with a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E C2+ microscope. Scale bar = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: The biofilms were observed with a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E C2+ microscope.

Techniques: Staining, Mutagenesis, Fluorescence, Microscopy